OCEANTRANS ORGANIZA CONFERÊNCIA FINAL DO PROJETO

A aposta de Portugal nas energias renováveis marinhas é fulcral para o país reforçar a sua soberania energética e industrial. Mas o principal desafio que se coloca ao país será aproveitar esta oportunidade, quer para reduzir a dependência energética, quer para gerar riqueza e empregos qualificados e aumentar a qualidade de vida dos portugueses.

Este foi o mote principal da Conferência “O potencial das tecnologias energéticas renováveis para a transformação industrial: o caso das energias marinhas” organizada pelo projeto OceanTrans no dia 19 de Setembro, no ISCTE-IUL, em Lisboa. A iniciativa foi aberta pelo Secretário de Estado do Mar, José Maria Costa, e reuniu decisores e especialistas de economia, energia e transições sustentáveis.

No primeiro painel da conferência – dedicado ao tema "Evidência sobre transformação industrial" – foi apresentado um Diretório de Empresas em Energias Marinhas, desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto, que engloba grande parte das empresas portuguesas que estiveram ativas nesta área ao longo das últimas décadas. Seguiu-se uma apresentação sobre o desenvolvimento das energias marinhas na região do Noroeste, por Artur Jorge Silva da Câmara Municipal de Viana do Castelo.

No segundo painel – subordinado ao tema “Transformação industrial e tecnologias renováveis emergentes” – Margarida Fontes apresentou os principais resultados do projeto, seguindo-se um debate numa Mesa Redonda composta por: com Allan Andersen, da Universidade de Oslo, Björn Sandén, da Chalmers University of Technology, Vera Kissler, da Direção-Geral de Energia da Comissão Europeia e André Couto da Direção-Geral de Recursos Naturais, Segurança e Serviços Marítimos e Nuno Bento do Dinamia'Cet-ISCTE, co-coordenador do projeto.

A conferência, que teve um formato híbrido (presencial e online), teve cerca de 120 participantes, registando-se um debate muito vivo que envolveu representantes da indústria, da academia e de organizações governamentais.

Assessing the industrial effects of the deployment of renewable energy technologies

When product identity matters

Juliana Barbosa, Margarida Fontes, Nuno Bento

Abstract

Investment in renewable energy technologies (RET) produces impacts on economic activity and job creation that are fundamental to increase their social acceptability. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the transformative impact of RET on the industry. The paper combines contributions from literatures such as sustainability transitions, socioeconomic impacts of RET and economic complexity. We develop a conceptual approach to the way technology deployment can lead to changes in the industrial structure, centered on the notion of product heterogeneity. We apply this approach to the case of wind energy in Portugal (a successful fast follower), compared to three other main wind energy producers (Spain, Denmark, Germany). The results show a relationship between deployment of technology and the sophistication and the competitiveness of the “cloud of products” composing the industrial value chain. We propose measures for assessing the effects of energy technology innovations on the industrial structure, with relevance to policy.

Keywords: economic complexity; industrial effects; renewable energy; technology deployment.

Multi-dimensional effects of an energy technology policy: Sectorial and territorial consequences

Juliana Barbosa, Margarida Fontes, Nuno Bento

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THIS IS A WORKING-IN-PROGRESS RESEARCH PRESENTED AT GEOINNO2022 IN MILAN; COMMENTS AND CRITICS (juliana.barbosa@lneg.pt) ARE MORE THAN WELCOME.

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The approach used here to examine the co-evolution of wind energy in Portugal and specific industrial sectors has three phases. The first one is identifying the main products necessary in the supply chain of wind energy deployment. Here we have two types of products, those used exclusively in this value chain, that we call CORE-CORE products, in our case the wind turbines. The other kind of products are those necessary but not exclusive to this value chain, such as the metal tower, these are the CORE products. The second phase assesses the evolution of these sectors, individually and in a network context thru the product space.

Finally, the interactions between the focal sector and context is discussed in both directions. Industrial products are here the connections between the deployment of the technology and the industrial evolution.

After having identified the supply chain industrial products at the first phase, we assessed their dynamics in the second phase and interaction with the context in the third phase. For CORE-CORE sectors we consider the international trade and the installed turbines. For CORE products, we assessed the trajectory and connections at product space. In the third phase, the interactions with the context, we first consider the interaction of our Core sectors with the local context by the comparison of the firms turnover by sectors inside and outside of territory and the relative employment. Finally, we tried to see if the dynamics of core products was in a more favorable national context or in a less favorable one.

For the first result, at the CORE-CORE sector, the data show tha Portugal was an net importer and transited to an net exporter. The main source of imports was Spain followed by Germany. When Portugal become into a exporter, Spain was also the destination in the begging and more recently United Kingdom is the main destination of exports. After the ENEOP it is clear an increase in the number of turbines from ENERCOM, one of the partners of the consortium ENEOP. It is important to highlight that it is an international supply chain logics.

The trajectory of core sectors production in shown in the bars, the destination of production in the bar colors and the number of firms in the lines. We observed an increase in almost all sector with exception of electric motors. Besides the production, the number of firms increased also. For the bearings the main destination was Europe and for electronic components was the national market

If we consider the international trade data organized at product space, where the size of nodes indicate if the product is core or not. Then we have a subnet composed by the core product and their neighbors. The color indicates if Portugal is competitive or not at that product at that year, RCA>1. Between 2000 and 2018, we can observe an small improvement in this subnet.

For the first assessment of the possible effect of the technology in the regional context we compare the turnover of the firms by sector in the country in the macroregion and in the municipality where the main industries of the consortium were built. It is clear an increase in turnovers in the machine sector after 2008.

Another way to asses if the context was favorable or not for the new industry could be the diversity dynamics and the novel competitive products in the country. The data show that the time of the launch of the combined industrial and energy policy was a time of increase of diversity and the several new products in Portuguese economy

The set products had increased production and increased companies.

The primary market for the set of products has been the national market, but the European market is significant for some products like generators. The international data analysis indicates industrial spillovers in the product space, considering the main products and their first neighbors.